# [Solutions] Middle European Mathematical Olympiad 2008

### Individual Competition

1. Let $(a_n)^{\infty}_{n=1}$ be a sequence of integers with $a_{n} < a_{n+1}$, $\forall n \geq 1.$ For all quadruple $(i,j,k,l)$ of indices such that $1 \leq i < j \leq k < l$ and $i + l = j + k$ we have the inequality $a_{i} + a_{l} > a_{j} + a_{k}.$ Determine the least possible value of $a_{2008}.$
2. Consider a $n \times n$ checkerboard with $n > 1$, $n \in \mathbb{N}.$ How many possibilities are there to put $2n - 2$ identical pebbles on the checkerboard (each on a different field/place) such that no two pebbles are on the same checkerboard diagonal. Two pebbles are on the same checkerboard diagonal if the connection segment of the midpoints of the respective fields are parallel to one of the diagonals of the $n \times n$ square.
3. Let $ABC$ be an isosceles triangle with $AC = BC.$ Its incircle touches $AB$ in $D$ and $BC$ in $E.$ A line distinct of $AE$ goes through $A$ and intersects the incircle in $F$ and $G.$ Line $AB$ intersects line $EF$ and $EG$ in $K$ and $L,$ respectively. Prove that $DK = DL.$
4. Determine that all $k \in \mathbb{Z}$ such that $\forall n$ the numbers $4n+1$ and $kn+1$ have no common divisor.

### Team Competition

1. Determine all functions $f: \mathbb{R} \mapsto \mathbb{R}$ such that $x f(x + xy) = x f(x) + f \left( x^2 \right) f(y) \quad \forall x,y \in \mathbb{R}.$
2. On a blackboard there are $n \geq 2$, $n \in \mathbb{Z}^{+}$ numbers. In each step we select two numbers from the blackboard and replace both of them by their sum. Determine all numbers $n$ for which it is possible to yield $n$ identical number after a finite number of steps.
3. Let $ABC$ be an acute-angled triangle. Let $E$ be a point such $E$ and $B$ are on distinct sides of the line $AC,$ and $D$ is an interior point of segment $AE.$ We have $\angle ADB = \angle CDE,$ $\angle BAD = \angle ECD,$ and $\angle ACB = \angle EBA.$ Prove that $B$, $C$ and $E$ lie on the same line.
4. Let $n$ be a positive integer. Prove that if the sum of all positive divisors of $n \in \mathbb{Z}^{+}$ is a power of two, then the number/amount of the divisors is a power of two.
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