- Given a positive integer $n,$ what is the largest $k$ such that the numbers $1,2,\dots,n$ can be put into $k$ boxes so that the sum of the numbers in each box is the same? [When $n=8,$ the example $\{1,2,3,6\},\{4,8\},\{5,7\}$ shows that the largest $k$ is at least 3.]
- Find all differentiable functions $f:\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}$ such that \[f'(x)=\frac{f(x+n)-f(x)}n\] for all real numbers $x$ and all positive integers $n.$
- Suppose that the function $h:\mathbb{R}^2\to\mathbb{R}$ has continuous partial derivatives and satisfies the equation \[h(x,y)=a\frac{\partial h}{\partial x}(x,y)+b\frac{\partial h}{\partial y}(x,y)\] for some constants $a,b.$ Prove that if there is a constant $M$ such that $|h(x,y)|\le M$ for all $(x,y)$ in $\mathbb{R}^2,$ then $h$ is identically zero.
- Prove that for each positive integer $n,$ the number $10^{10^{10^n}}+10^{10^n}+10^n-1$ is not prime.
- Let $G$ be a group, with operation $*$. Suppose that
(i) $G$ is a subset of $\mathbb{R}^3$ (but $*$ need not be related to addition of vectors);
(ii) For each $\mathbf{a},\mathbf{b}\in G,$ either $\mathbf{a}\times\mathbf{b}=\mathbf{a}*\mathbf{b}$ or $\mathbf{a}\times\mathbf{b}=\mathbf{0}$ (or both), where $\times$ is the usual cross product in $\mathbb{R}^3.$
Prove that $\mathbf{a}\times\mathbf{b}=\mathbf{0}$ for all $\mathbf{a},\mathbf{b}\in G.$ - Let $f:[0,\infty)\to\mathbb{R}$ be a strictly decreasing continuous function such that $$\lim_{x\to\infty}f(x)=0.$$ Prove that $$\int_0^{\infty}\frac{f(x)-f(x+1)}{f(x)}\,dx$$ diverges.
- Is there an infinite sequence of real numbers $a_1,a_2,a_3,\dots$ such that \[a_1^m+a_2^m+a_3^m+\cdots=m\] for every positive integer $m?$
- Given that $A,B,$ and $C$ are noncollinear points in the plane with integer coordinates such that the distances $AB,AC,$ and $BC$ are integers, what is the smallest possible value of $AB?$
- There are 2010 boxes labeled $B_1,B_2,\dots,B_{2010},$ and $2010n$ balls have been distributed among them, for some positive integer $n.$ You may redistribute the balls by a sequence of moves, each of which consists of choosing an $i$ and moving exactly $i$ balls from box $B_i$ into any one other box. For which values of $n$ is it possible to reach the distribution with exactly $n$ balls in each box, regardless of the initial distribution of balls?
- Find all pairs of polynomials $p(x)$ and $q(x)$ with real coefficients for which \[p(x)q(x+1)-p(x+1)q(x)=1.\]
- Is there a strictly increasing function $f:\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}$ such that $f'(x)=f(f(x))$ for all $x?$
- Let $A$ be an $n\times n$ matrix of real numbers for some $n\ge 1.$ For each positive integer $k,$ let $A^{[k]}$ be the matrix obtained by raising each entry to the $k$th power. Show that if $A^k=A^{[k]}$ for $k=1,2,\cdots,n+1,$ then $A^k=A^{[k]}$ for all $k\ge 1.$
[Solutions] William Lowell Putnam Mathematical Competition 2010
Contest
Putnam
Undergraduate
MOlympiad.NET là dự án thu thập và phát hành các đề thi tuyển sinh và học sinh giỏi toán. Quý bạn đọc muốn giúp chúng tôi chỉnh sửa đề thi này, xin hãy để lại bình luận facebook (có thể đính kèm hình ảnh) hoặc google (có thể sử dụng $\LaTeX$) bên dưới. BBT rất mong bạn đọc ủng hộ UPLOAD đề thi và đáp án mới hoặc liên hệ Chúng tôi nhận tất cả các định dạng của tài liệu: $\TeX$, PDF, WORD, IMG,... | |